employment
Options
Employment options for students in the immigration spectrum differ from those available to U.S. citizens. Understanding these differences is crucial to navigating job opportunities effectively.
Employment Options
Based on Work Authorization
With Work Permits (e.g., TPS, DACA, or Visas):
- Individuals with work permits can become W-2 employees, enabling them to work for any company. W-2 employees often receive benefits such as paid time off, health insurance, and retirement plans.
Without Work Authorization:
- For individuals without work permits, applying for an Individual Tax Identification Number (I.T.I.N.) is recommended. An I.T.I.N. allows individuals to file taxes and pursue self-employment.
I.T.I.N. and Employment
What is an I.T.I.N.?
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (I.T.I.N.) is a tax processing number issued by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.). An I.T.I.N. consists of nine digits, beginning with the number nine (i.e., 9XX-XX-XXXX).
What is an I.T.I.N. used for?
ITINs are issued by the I.R.S. specifically as a means to pay federal taxes. While the I.R.S. issues them solely for this purpose, I.T.I.N.s may sometimes be accepted for other purposes, such as for opening an interest-bearing bank account, for contract employment, or for obtaining a mortgage.
Does an I.T.I.N. provide work authorization?
An I.T.I.N. does not give a person work authorization in the U.S. nor does it provide eligibility for Social Security benefits. An ITIN does not provide a person with immigration status.
Is it safe to apply for an i.t.i.n.?
Generally, yes. Under Internal Revenue Code section 6103, the I.R.S. is generally prohibited from disclosing taxpayer information, including to other federal agencies.
applying for an I.T.I.N. number
Here’s what you need to know to get started!
What documents will I need?
Prove their identity and foreign nationality status by providing original documents (a passport will suffice for this requirement)
Should I work with someone to help me apply?
It is highly recommended to work with a licensed acceptance agent for this process. These agents can verify your identity using documents like a passport or valid ID without requiring you to mail the physical originals. Instead, a photocopy is sent, reducing the risk of document loss. A list of acceptance agents in Illinois is available here.
How long does the process take?
The application process can take up to an hour depending on your tax-return documents.
Acttually getting the ITIN number in the mail can take up to eight weeks depending on the time of year that you sent your application.
W-2 employees vs W-9 Workers
The key differences between W-2 employees and W-9 independent contractors lie in benefits and tax responsibilities:
W-2 Employees:
Receive employer-sponsored benefits and have taxes automatically withheld from their paychecks.
W-9 Workers:
Do not receive employer benefits and are responsible for paying taxes directly, often at rates between 25% and 30% of earnings.
Self-Employment, Contract Work, & Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship involves creating and managing a business, typically with the goal of innovation or providing new services. For guidance, Immigrants Rising offers resources, including a detailed video series: Starting a Business Guide.
Self-Employment
Self-employment means working independently, providing services, or selling goods directly without being tied to an employer. An ITIN is sufficient for self-employment (you do not need to create a company).
Contract Work
Contract work is a form of self-employment where you provide services to a company or individual under a specific agreement. Contract workers (W-9) are responsible for managing their taxes and may not receive employee benefits.
employment opportunities
for high school students
after school matters
Students must be at least 14 years old. Graduating seniors can work through the summer following graduation.
Micro-Internships
Gain early career experience through short-term projects with Parker Dewey.
Professional Licenses
Since 2019, Illinois law allows ITIN holders to receive certain professional licenses. While licensure does not guarantee employment, it opens pathways to many careers.
Illinois Licenses:
Out-of-State Licenses:
Research state-specific licenses through the Higher Ed Immigration Portal: